There are no magic indicators that are right 100% of the time, no silver bullets, no “one Ring to rule them all.” That’s why we spend so much time talking about weighing the evidence and looking at the behavior of risk on and risk off indicators. That being said, there are times when one indicator or another seems particularly relevant. That is now the case with the number of stocks making new highs and new lows on the NYSE+NASDAQ. The spread between new highs and new lows peaked in early 2021 and was fading (though stayed positive) for much of the year. The situation deteriorated in November and new lows started to outnumber new highs. Even as the indexes moved off of their January lows, we’ve continued to see more stocks making new lows than new highs. Since 2000 all of the net gains in the major US indexes (S&P 500, NASDAQ Composite, Russell 2000, Value Line Geometric Index) have come when the cumulative net new high list has been expanding. The bottom line is that history suggests the indexes could continue to struggle so long as new lows are outnumbering new highs.
By looking at various ratios relative to where they have been over the past year, we get a sense of investor risk appetite from an intermarket perspective. The pairwise comparisons in our risk off - risk on Range-O-Meter show a decisive tilt toward risk off assets over the past month. A few (Staples vs Discretionary, Large-Cap vs Small-Cap, Yen vs Aussie Dollar) are nearing new 52-week extremes favoring the risk-off side of the ratio. We could get some near-term relief from the intense selling of January, some of that has been seen this week already. But if we are seeing broad and sustainable strength, I expect it will be evident by a decisive move toward the risk-on side of our range-o-meter.
There was plenty of focus on the Fed this week - not so much for what they did (which was nothing), but for what they said. After a benign written statement, Fed Chair Powell took to the podium at his post-FOMC meeting press conference and spent a lot of time talking about how inflation has been more persistent than the Fed had hoped it would be. From the Fed’s perspective it is now time to raise rates rather than to let the negative effects of sustained higher inflation fester in the economy. Data released in the wake of the FOMC meeting shows that higher inflation remains persistent, in terms of both degree and duration.
Inflation based on the Trimmed Mean PCE is at its highest level since the early 90’s, based on the Core PCE it’s at its highest level since the early 80’s.There are only a few times in the history of this data that inflation has risen this many months in row. The only times we’ve experienced a more sustained rise in inflation were in 2012 (coming off the secular low) and in the 1970’s. So far this cycle the Fed has aided & abetted inflation, going forward it’s poised to fight it.
When it comes to portfolio management, asset allocation matters. For many the starting point of this discussion of dividing assets between stocks and bonds. This leads to the often talked about 60/40 portfolio: 60% stocks and 40% bonds. From my perspective that is an incomplete opportunity set and decisions based on such an opportunity set are going to leave investors feeling underwhelmed. Stocks (VTI) and bonds (AGG) are important components, but commodities (DBC) and cash (MINT) need to be on the table as well. Commodities were the top performing asset class last year. Amid equity market weakness this week, commodities are moving to new highs (assets in up-trends tend to do that). Cash has been mocked recently as a guaranteed way to lose ground relative to inflation. That might be a small price to pay for the flexibility it can provide in the face of volatility elsewhere. Three consecutive years of 20%+ returns for equities can make investors financially and emotionally over-invested in stocks. Maybe it’s time to get back to the basics. Stocks. Bonds. Commodities. Cash.
Two weeks into 2022 and EEM (Emerging Markets) has a 500 basis point YTD lead over SPY (S&P 500). Emerging markets are up more than 2% and the S&P 500 is down more than 2%. Short-term charts can make this look like a significant shift in leadership. While it may turn into that, at this point it looks like a premature conclusion. My guess is that we are in the early stages of a shift away from the US and toward global equity market leadership, including emerging markets. But two weeks of outperformance after a decade of relative weakness is not much of a signal.
If we look at the history, all of the net gains in EEM over the past nearly two decades have come when the ratio between EEM and SPY has been above its 200-day average. The ratio is rising and the 200-day average is falling, so there is convergence. But there has not yet been a crossover. That’s the signal I want to see before getting too excited about the strength we are seeing from EEM.
It’s certainly something to watch, but we want to watch with a bit of perspective.
The Fed is turning off the liquidity spigot and expects to start raising interest rates next year. There are plenty of historical studies showing the relatively benign impact of the first one or two rate hikes. This cycle, though, will be a bit different than what has been experienced in the past. Historically, the Fed is leading the way with interest rate hikes, moving toward tightening ahead of other global central banks. The muted impact of those initial rate hikes may be partly due to the fact that most central banks have still been accommodative. That is not going to be the case this time around. Nine central banks have raised their interest rates in December alone and by the time the Fed makes its first move, a majority of central banks will likely be tightening.
This idea came up in passing in our ASC+Plus weekly Townhall yesterday. The messy action in Copper looks a whole lot like the messy action in Berkshire Hathaway. After peaking in Q2 both have moved sideways. Copper has been more volatile than Berkshire, moving quickly to go nowhere. They are both up more than 20% for the year, but that has been true since late-April. It’s interesting that neither broke out to new highs in November and neither has (yet) broken down to new lows in December. When we get new highs or new lows from one or both of these bellwethers, we will definitely take notice. Until then it’s more sideways actions, with volatility in search of resolution.
While the Fed may be newly focused on inflation, the bond market does not appear to be similarly inclined. The yield on 30-year Treasury bonds this week has undercut its summer lows near 1.80% and the 10-year t-Note yield has dropped below the 1.40% level that has been important in the past. Moreover, the yield spread between 2’s and 10’s has dropped to its lowest level of the year. This drop in yields (reflecting strength in bonds) is not inconsistent with deteriorating equity market conditions seen beneath the surface (as well as increasingly at the index level). Coming about always carries risks, and the Fed is trying to change course in choppy waters.
It’s no secret that we’ve been looking for evidence of improving breadth that would support last month’s breakouts in the small-cap and mid-cap indexes and provide fuel for a rally into the first quarter of next year. Instead we are finding evidence of the opposite - that rally participation is struggling to robustly expand. That’s the message when we look beneath the surface of the NASDAQ. The NASDAQ composite closed at a new high on the same day that the new low list rose to its highest level since March. March 2020. Another way to look at it (shown on the chart below) is that never in my career have I witnessed more NASDAQ stocks making new 52-week lows on the same day that the NASDAQ Composite made a new 52-week high. I don’t know if it will be the case this time, but when the market is heading for trouble, new low lists crescendo in size. This is not unlike tremors before an earthquake.
We’ve been on the lookout for evidence of breadth improvement and the new high lists this week have given us plenty of it. The 63-day (3-month) new high lists for small-caps and mid-caps have heated up after being dormant for most of the summer and that is starting to stretch into new highs on a 126-day (6-month) and 252-day (1-year) basis as well. On the NASDAQ we have now seen the most 52-week highs since March. I’ll let pundits talk about the impact that a drop in bond yields might be having on this and just note that new highs expanding is one of the most bullish things we can see from the stock market. When they stop expanding and start to contract is when we start to see trouble.
